Biology, Grade 12, University Preparation
Ontario · Grade 12 · Science — the complete curriculum-aligned outline, taught skill by skill by MapleMind's AI tutor.
Unit 1: Investigation Skills and Careers
Careers related to the fields of science under study and the education and training they require, and scientists — including Canadians — who have contributed to those fields. The scientific investigation skills of strand A1 are woven through every lab and inquiry in the content strands rather than taught here on their own.
- Careers in the biological sciences
- Scientists who contributed to biology
Unit 2: Biochemistry
The chemistry of life — biological molecules (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids), enzymes, membrane transport, and the four main biochemical reactions — investigated through molecular models and biological tests, plus analysing enzyme applications in industry and evaluating advances in cellular biology.
- Industrial applications of enzymes
- Advances in cellular biology
- Biochemistry terminology
- Membrane transport investigation
- Molecular models of biochemical compounds
- Testing for biochemical compounds
- Investigating a cellular process
- Organelles and cellular processes
- Structure and function of biochemical compounds
- Functional groups in biological molecules
- Enzyme structure and mechanism
- Four main biochemical reactions
- Cell membranes and transport
Unit 3: Metabolic Processes
Energy in the cell — cellular respiration (aerobic and anaerobic) and photosynthesis, the chemical changes and energy conversions they involve, and the laws of thermodynamics — investigated through laboratory work, plus analysing the role of metabolism in biotic and abiotic systems and assessing its relevance to everyday choices.
- Metabolism in biotic and abiotic systems
- Relevance of cell biology to personal life
- Metabolism terminology
- Investigating cellular respiration
- Investigating photosynthesis
- Chemistry and energy of cellular respiration
- Chemistry and energy of photosynthesis
- Thermodynamics of metabolism
- Matter and energy transformations
Unit 4: Molecular Genetics
The molecular basis of inheritance — DNA replication and repair, RNA, protein synthesis, mutation, and genetic modification — investigated through DNA extraction and protein-synthesis modelling, plus analysing the social, ethical, and legal issues of biotechnology and Canadian regulation.
- Social and ethical issues of biotechnology
- Canadian biotechnology regulation
- Molecular genetics terminology
- Analysing a DNA strand
- Extracting DNA
- Investigating protein synthesis
- DNA replication and repair
- RNA and DNA in protein synthesis
- Steps of protein synthesis and gene control
- Mutations and mutagens
- Genetic modification in industry and agriculture
- Cell components in biotechnology
- History of molecular genetics
Unit 5: Homeostasis
How the body maintains a stable internal environment — the endocrine, excretory, and nervous systems, feedback mechanisms, and water, ionic, thermal, and acid-base balance — investigated through models and feedback-system studies, plus evaluating the impact of chemical substances and environmental factors on the human body.
- Chemical substances and the human body
- Human activity and health
- Homeostasis terminology
- Modelling the homeostatic process
- Investigating a feedback system
- Invertebrate response to stimuli
- Endocrine, excretory, and nervous systems
- Reproductive hormones and feedback
- Water, ionic, thermal, and acid-base balance
Unit 6: Population Dynamics
How populations grow and interact — carrying capacity, growth models, species interactions, and energy transfer — investigated through growth calculations and laboratory or simulation studies, plus analysing our ecological footprint and assessing Canadian initiatives to nourish expanding populations.
- Population growth and ecological footprint
- Canadian technologies for expanding populations
- Population dynamics terminology
- Calculating population growth
- Investigating two populations' growth
- Interactions between species
- Characteristics of a population
- Factors causing population fluctuation
- Energy transfer in a human population
- Population change through an ecosystem
Every skill above, taught one-on-one — free to try, no credit card.
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