Science 30

Structures of the heart

I can describe the principal structures of the heart and its associated blood vessels.

The heartbeat and circulation

I can describe the rhythmic contraction of the heart and how it circulates blood through the pulmonary and systemic pathways.

Blood vessels and blood flow

I can describe the structure and function of blood vessels and how blood flows through them.

Components of blood

I can describe the main components of blood and the roles they play.

How pathogens enter and harm

I can describe how pathogens enter the circulatory system and how they can harm health.

The body’s barriers

I can describe how body mechanisms like skin and secretions keep pathogens out of tissues.

The immune response

I can describe how immunity develops and how the immune system responds to a foreign antigen.

Autoimmune disease

I can explain how autoimmune diseases relate to the human immune system.

How vaccines work

I can analyze how vaccines defend against disease-causing bacteria and viruses.

Chromosomes in mitosis, meiosis and fertilization

I can describe how chromosomes behave during mitosis, meiosis and fertilization.

Punnett squares and single-trait inheritance

I can use Punnett squares to predict the inheritance of a single trait.

Autosomal vs sex-linked inheritance

I can distinguish autosomal from sex-linked patterns of inheritance.

The structure of DNA

I can describe the structure of DNA.

DNA replication

I can explain the general process of DNA replication.

From DNA triplets to protein

I can describe how a DNA triplet sequence determines the amino acid sequence of a protein.

The roles of proteins

I can describe the roles of proteins in the human body.

Mutations and human disease

I can describe how DNA mutations affect proteins and cause human diseases.

Genetic engineering

I can describe, in general terms, genetic engineering and its applications.

Resistance in bacteria and viruses

I can describe how bacteria and viruses develop resistance.

Proton donors and acceptors

I can define acids and bases as proton donors and proton acceptors.

Identifying acids, bases and salts

I can tell acids, bases, salts and strong vs weak acids apart using diagnostic tests.

pH and hydronium ion concentration

I can describe the relationship between pH and hydronium ion concentration.

How buffers resist pH change

I can explain qualitatively how a buffer keeps pH nearly constant.

Why living systems need constant pH

I can explain why maintaining a relatively constant pH matters in a living system.

The history of acid-base indicators

I can trace the historical use of acid-base indicators.

Buffering capacity

I can explain what is meant by buffering capacity.

The chemistry of acid deposition

I can outline the reactions that produce acid deposition.

Impacts of acid deposition

I can describe the impacts of acid deposition on the biotic and abiotic environment.

Naming carbon compounds (IUPAC)

I can identify and name simple carbon compounds using IUPAC nomenclature.

Common uses of hydrocarbons

I can describe common uses of hydrocarbons and their derivatives.

Organic pollutants

I can identify organic compounds commonly considered environmental pollutants.

Hazards of halogenated hydrocarbons and benzene

I can list the sources and analyze the hazards of halogenated hydrocarbons and benzene derivatives.

Smog and ozone depletion

I can explain how human activities and natural events cause smog and ozone depletion.

Biomagnification

I can explain the mechanism and significance of biomagnification.

Risks and benefits of chemical processes

I can describe the risks and benefits of chemical processes that can harm the environment.

Technologies that reduce emissions

I can describe technologies that reduce harmful chemical emissions.

Alternatives to chemical technologies

I can describe alternatives to the use of chemical technologies.

What a field is

I can define a field as a property of space that exerts a force on objects placed in it.

Comparing field interactions

I can compare the interactions of electric charges, magnetic poles, and masses.

Properties of vector fields

I can compare the source, direction and strength of gravitational, electric and magnetic fields.

Gravitational and electric field strength

I can describe gravitational and electric field strength at a distance using the field equations.

Inducing a current

I can describe how a conductor moving through a magnetic field induces a current.

Series and parallel circuits

I can relate power, current, voltage and resistance in series and parallel circuits.

Electrical energy and cost

I can describe electrical energy in kilowatt hours and joules.

AC vs DC

I can distinguish alternating current from direct current.

How transformers work

I can describe how a transformer changes voltage using the turns ratio.

Why AC for transmission

I can describe the advantage of AC over DC for transmitting electrical energy.

Motors and generators

I can compare the design and function of a DC motor and a generator.

Electrical safety technologies

I can describe how electrical safety technologies work.

The range of the EM spectrum

I can describe the range of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Comparing the parts of the spectrum

I can compare the parts of the EM spectrum by source, frequency, wavelength, energy and effect on tissue.

The atmosphere absorbs EMR

I can recognize that Earth’s atmosphere absorbs certain frequencies of EMR.

Reflection, refraction, diffraction, polarization

I can describe reflection, refraction, diffraction and polarization of visible light.

Comparing radiation to visible light

I can compare radiation from any part of the spectrum with visible light.

The universal wave equation

I can use the universal wave equation to relate speed, frequency and wavelength.

Telescopes

I can explain, in general terms, the design of optical and radio telescopes.

Fusion in the Sun

I can explain that nuclear fusion in the Sun produces a wide spectrum of EMR.

Spectroscopes and spectra

I can describe how a spectroscope reveals composition and how emission and absorption spectra form.

Technologies for studying stars

I can describe technologies used to study stars.

The evolution of stars

I can describe, in general terms, the evolution of stars and their end states.

The growth of energy consumption

I can describe the growth of energy consumption from traditional societies to today.

Per-capita energy consumption

I can compare Canada’s per-capita energy consumption and the factors behind it.

Sustainable development and efficiency

I can apply sustainable development to using energy more efficiently.

Developing energy technologies

I can explain the need to develop both renewable and nonrenewable energy technologies.

Environmental impact of energy sources

I can describe the environmental impact of developing and using various energy sources.

An interconnected environment

I can describe how the Aboriginal perspective of an interconnected environment informs the balance between extraction and impact.

Hess’s Law and heats of combustion

I can explain how Hess’s Law is used to predict heats of combustion.

Where solar energy goes

I can contrast how much solar energy drives wind and the water cycle versus photosynthesis.

Solar energy converted and reconverted

I can describe how solar energy is converted into renewable and nonrenewable forms and then into electricity and heat.

Renewable energy technologies

I can describe renewable energy technologies and assess their advantages and disadvantages.

Fission vs fusion

I can explain the difference between fission and fusion and balance simple nuclear equations.

Radioactive decay and ionizing radiation

I can describe the main types of radioactive decay and their ionizing radiation.

Mass-energy in nuclear reactions

I can describe mass-energy changes in fission and fusion using $E = mc^2$.

Fission reactors and fusion research

I can describe, in general terms, how a fission reactor works and the state of fusion research.

Nuclear and geothermal energy

I can trace the relationship between nuclear energy and geothermal energy.

Comparing power stations

I can compare conventional and nuclear power stations.

Orders of magnitude of energy

I can contrast the orders of magnitude of energy from nuclear, chemical and phase changes.

The source of tides

I can explain the source of tides.

Tidal energy

I can describe how tidal energy is converted to electricity and compare it to hydroelectric power.