Chemistry, Grade 12 (CHM621A)

Unit 1: Working Like a Chemist

The nature of chemistry and the laboratory, measurement, argumentation, experimental-design, and decision-making practices used throughout Grade 12 Chemistry: how a chemical technology develops, working safely with WHMIS, collecting and analysing data, propagating measurement uncertainty, arguing from evidence, designing controlled experiments, communicating results, and evaluating the risks and benefits of a chemical technology.

• Analysing the development of a chemical technology

• Safe laboratory protocols and WHMIS
• Collecting and analysing data
• Measurement uncertainty and error propagation

• Evaluating phenomena with argumentation
• Designing a controlled experiment
• Communicating plans, data, and results
• Evaluating the risks and benefits of a technology

Unit 2: Thermochemistry

Energy in chemical and physical change: endothermic and exothermic processes and the first law of thermodynamics; specific heat capacity and the heat of temperature change; molar enthalpy, heating and cooling curves, and the heat of a change of state; and the energy of chemical reactions from potential-energy diagrams, calorimetry, bond energies, heats of formation, and Hess's Law.

• Thermochemistry terms and the first law

• Specific heat capacity and temperature change
• Molar enthalpy, heating curves, and change of state

• Potential-energy diagrams and thermochemical equations
• Calorimetry, bond energies, and Hess's Law

Unit 3: Solutions, Kinetics, and Equilibrium

How fast and how far reactions go: molarity and dilution calculations and standard curves; kinetic molecular theory and collision theory and the factors that change reaction rate; and chemical equilibrium - equilibrium constant expressions, Kc/Keq calculations with ICE tables, the reaction quotient, and Le Chatelier's Principle.

• Molarity of solutions
• Dilutions and standard curves

• Collision theory and factors affecting reaction rate
• Reaction mechanisms and catalysts

• Equilibrium and the equilibrium constant expression
• Kc calculations with ICE tables
• Le Chatelier's Principle and predicting shifts

Unit 4: Acids and Bases

Acid-base chemistry: Arrhenius and Bronsted-Lowry definitions and classifying and naming acids and bases; applying equilibrium to acid-base reactions with conjugate pairs and Ka/Kb; and evaluating acid-base equilibria with pH, pOH, Kw, titrations, indicators, and titration curves.

• Arrhenius and Bronsted-Lowry definitions
• Classifying and naming acids and bases

• Proton transfer and conjugate acid-base pairs
• Strong and weak acids and Ka/Kb

• pH, pOH, and Kw calculations
• Evaluating weak acid-base equilibria
• Titrations, indicators, and titration curves

Unit 5: Redox and Electrochemistry

Electron-transfer chemistry: describing redox reactions with oxidation numbers, oxidizing and reducing agents; balancing redox equations by the half-reaction method in acidic, basic, and neutral solutions; and analysing electrochemical cells with cell notation, standard reduction potentials, and cell potential.

• Redox definitions and oxidation numbers
• Identifying oxidizing and reducing agents

• Balancing redox in neutral solution
• Balancing redox in acidic and basic solution
• Structure and function of an electrochemical cell
• Cell potential and spontaneity