Prince Edward Island · Grade 12
Foundations of Mathematics 12
- MAT621A
Prince Edward Island’s Grade 12 math course, from Financial Mathematics to Relations and Functions.
- Units
- 4
- Lessons
- 12
- Skills
- 30
- Provincial exam
- None
- Official curriculum
- Prince Edward Island Department of Education and Early Years
Unit by unit
Every skill in the course, with its official code.
Unit 1 · 6 skills
Financial Mathematics
Compound interest
Calculating compound interest
I can calculate compound interest and future value.
Official code: FM1
Compound interest in decisions
I can use compound interest to make a financial decision.
Official code: FM1
Renting, leasing and buying
Costs of renting, leasing and buying
I can compare the total costs of renting, leasing, and buying.
Official code: FM2
Benefits and choosing an option
I can weigh benefits and cost to choose renting, leasing, or buying.
Official code: FM2
Investment portfolios
Interest rate and rate of return
I can analyse a portfolio by its interest rate and rate of return.
Official code: FM3
Total return of a portfolio
I can analyse a portfolio by its total return.
Official code: FM3
The official wording · 6 outcomes
- FM1
- Solve problems that involve compound interest
- FM1
- compound interest in financial decision making
- FM2
- Analyse costs and benefits of renting, leasing and buying.
- FM2
- Analyse costs and benefits of renting, leasing and buying.
- FM3
- Analyse an investment portfolio in terms of: x interest rate; x rate of return
- FM3
- Analyse an investment portfolio in terms of: x total return.
Key ideas
Compound interest earns interest on both the principal and past interest.
Renting pays for use with no ownership; buying builds ownership.
The interest rate is the stated rate paid on an investment.
Future value grows by (1 + rate) each compounding period.
Leasing sits between, with payments and possible end costs.
Watch out for
- Using simple interest where compound is required.
- Comparing monthly payments instead of total cost.
- Treating the stated interest rate as the actual return.
Every skill’s key ideas, worked examples and checks are in MapleMind.Practise this unit
Unit 2 · 6 skills
Logical Reasoning
Puzzles and games
Numerical reasoning in puzzles
I can use numerical reasoning to analyse a puzzle.
Official code: LR1
Logical reasoning in games
I can use logical reasoning to analyse a game.
Official code: LR1
Set theory
Sets and set operations
I can work with sets using union, intersection, and complement.
Official code: LR2
Solving set-theory problems
I can solve a counting problem using set theory.
Official code: LR2
Conditional statements
Conditional statements and their forms
I can form the converse, inverse, and contrapositive of a conditional.
Official code: LR3
Reasoning with conditional statements
I can reason validly with conditional statements.
Official code: LR3
The official wording · 6 outcomes
- LR1
- Analyse puzzles and games that involve numerical
- LR1
- puzzles and games that involve numerical and logical reasoning, using problem- solving strategies
- LR2
- Solve problems that involve the application of set theory.
- LR2
- Solve problems that involve the application of set theory.
- LR3
- Solve problems that involve conditional statements.
- LR3
- Solve problems that involve conditional statements.
Key ideas
Number puzzles reveal patterns that a strategy can exploit.
A set is a collection of distinct elements.
A conditional has the form 'if p, then q'.
Looking for a rule connects the numbers in a puzzle.
Union combines sets; intersection keeps shared elements; complement is what is outside.
Watch out for
- Guessing without searching for a rule.
- Confusing union with intersection.
- Assuming the converse is true whenever the conditional is.
Every skill’s key ideas, worked examples and checks are in MapleMind.Practise this unit
Unit 3 · 12 skills
Permutations, Combinations and Binomial Theorem
Probability
Odds and probability
Interpreting odds and probability
I can interpret odds and probability and convert between them.
Official code: P1
Assessing the validity of claims
I can assess whether an odds or probability claim is valid.
Official code: P1
Probability of events
Mutually exclusive and non-mutually exclusive events
I can find the probability of mutually exclusive and non-mutually-exclusive events.
Official code: P2
Applying the addition rule
I can apply the addition rule to solve 'or' probability problems.
Official code: P2
Probability of two events
I can find the probability of two events happening.
Official code: P3
Conditional probability of two events
I can find the conditional probability of a second event given the first.
Official code: P3
Counting, permutations and combinations
The fundamental counting principle
I can use the fundamental counting principle to count arrangements.
Official code: P4
The counting principle with restrictions
I can apply the counting principle when choices are restricted.
Official code: P4
Permutations
I can count arrangements using permutations.
Official code: P5
Permutations with restrictions
I can count permutations with restrictions or repeats.
Official code: P5
Combinations
I can count selections using combinations.
Official code: P6
Applying combinations
I can apply combinations to solve multi-step and probability problems.
Official code: P6
The official wording · 12 outcomes
- P1
- Interpret and assess the validity of odds and probability statements.
- P1
- assess the validity of odds and probability statements.
- P2
- probability of mutually exclusive and non-mutually exclusive events.
- P2
- Solve problems that involve the probability of mutually exclusive and non-mutually exclusive events.
- P3
- Solve problems that involve the probability of two events.
- P3
- Solve problems that involve the probability of two events.
- P4
- Solve problems that involve the fundamental counting principle.
- P4
- Solve problems that involve the fundamental counting principle.
- P5
- Solve problems that involve permutations.
- P5
- Solve problems that involve permutations.
- P6
- Solve problems that involve combinations.
- P6
- Solve problems that involve combinations.
Key ideas
Probability is favourable outcomes over all outcomes.
Mutually exclusive events cannot both happen; add their probabilities.
If one choice has m options and the next has n, together there are m times n.
Odds compare favourable to unfavourable outcomes.
Non-mutually-exclusive events can overlap; subtract the overlap.
Watch out for
- Reading odds as a probability directly.
- Adding probabilities for overlapping events without subtracting the overlap.
- Adding the options instead of multiplying.
Every skill’s key ideas, worked examples and checks are in MapleMind.Practise this unit
Unit 4 · 6 skills
Relations and Functions
Modelling data with polynomial functions
Fitting a polynomial model to data
I can fit a polynomial function to a set of data.
Official code: RF1
Solving problems with a polynomial model
I can use a polynomial model to solve a problem.
Official code: RF1
Modelling data with exponential and logarithmic functions
Fitting exponential and logarithmic models
I can fit an exponential or logarithmic model to data.
Official code: RF2
Solving problems with exponential and logarithmic models
I can use an exponential or logarithmic model to solve a problem.
Official code: RF2
Modelling data with sinusoidal functions
Fitting a sinusoidal model to data
I can fit a sinusoidal model to periodic data.
Official code: RF3
Solving problems with a sinusoidal model
I can use a sinusoidal model to solve a problem.
Official code: RF3
The official wording · 6 outcomes
- RF1
- Represent data, using polynomial functions (of degree d d 3), to solve problems.
- RF1
- Represent data, using polynomial functions (of degree d d 3), to solve problems.
- RF2
- Represent data, using exponential and logarithmic functions, to solve problems.
- RF2
- Represent data, using exponential and logarithmic functions, to solve problems.
- RF3
- Represent data, using sinusoidal functions, to solve problems.
- RF3
- Represent data, using sinusoidal functions, to solve problems.
Key ideas
A polynomial of degree at most 3 can model curved data.
Exponential data changes by a constant percentage each step.
A sinusoidal model has an amplitude, a period, and vertical and horizontal shifts.
Regression finds the polynomial that best fits the data points.
Growth uses a base above 1; decay uses a base between 0 and 1.
Watch out for
- Forcing a curve through every point instead of fitting the trend.
- Fitting a line to clearly exponential data.
- Reading the amplitude as the full peak-to-trough distance.
Every skill’s key ideas, worked examples and checks are in MapleMind.Practise this unit
Plan the term
Pick your term and the days you study. Each unit gets its share of the weeks and comes back a week later for a review. The last two weeks go over the whole course.
Which course?
Prince Edward Island has 5 math courses for Grade 12. Here they are side by side.
- Applied MathematicsMAT801A6 units · 46 skillsNo provincial examWhat it coversNumber · Operations · Patterns and Relations · Measurement · Geometry (Spatial Sense) · Data Management
- Apprenticeship and Workplace Mathematics 12MAT621K4 units · 26 skillsNo provincial examWhat it coversGeometry · Measurement · Number · Permutations, Combinations and Binomial Theorem
- Calculus 12MAT611B1 units · 22 skillsNo provincial examWhat it coversCalculus
- Foundations of Mathematics 12This courseMAT621A4 units · 30 skillsNo provincial examWhat it coversFinancial Mathematics · Logical Reasoning · Permutations, Combinations and Binomial Theorem · Relations and Functions
- Pre-Calculus 12MAT621B3 units · 37 skillsNo provincial examWhat it coversPermutations, Combinations and Binomial Theorem · Relations and Functions · Trigonometry
What a university, college or program asks for is theirs to say: check its admission page, and your school’s course guide.
The official curriculum
This page follows Prince Edward Island’s own curriculum for Foundations of Mathematics 12.
Textbooks
The textbooks PEI Department of Education and Early Years lists for Foundations of Mathematics 12:
- Foundations of Mathematics 12
From Senior High Program of Studies and Authorized Materials, 2026-2027, read October 27, 2026. princeedwardisland.ca
Strands
| Strand | Outcomes | Taught in |
|---|---|---|
| FMFinancial Mathematics | Outcomes 3 | Taught in Unit 1 |
| LRLogical Reasoning | Outcomes 3 | Taught in Unit 2 |
| PProbability | Outcomes 6 | Taught in Unit 3Permutations, Combinations and Binomial Theorem |
| RFRelations and Functions | Outcomes 3 | Taught in Unit 4 |
Study it in MapleMind
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Course Companion
Your year in one workbook
A fun way to keep Foundations of Mathematics 12 organized, get to know your child better and see early when they need a hand. Fill it in on a screen, or print it.
- Pages
- 31
- Fillable fields
- 1,417
- Price
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Questions about Foundations of Mathematics 12
What is Foundations of Mathematics 12?
Prince Edward Island’s Grade 12 math course: 4 units and 30 skills, from Financial Mathematics to Relations and Functions.
What units are in Foundations of Mathematics 12?
1. Financial Mathematics, 2. Logical Reasoning, 3. Permutations, Combinations and Binomial Theorem and 4. Relations and Functions.
Is there a provincial exam for Foundations of Mathematics 12?
No. Prince Edward Island gives no provincial exam for Foundations of Mathematics 12.
What textbook does Foundations of Mathematics 12 use?
The textbooks PEI Department of Education and Early Years lists for Foundations of Mathematics 12: Foundations of Mathematics 12, Nelson Education.
Can MapleMind help with Foundations of Mathematics 12?
Yes. MapleMind teaches every skill of Foundations of Mathematics 12, step by step, with practice and checks, and its tutor answers questions about any of them. It’s free with daily limits, on iPhone, Android and the web.
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