Prince Edward Island · Grade 10
Foundations of Mathematics and Pre-Calculus 10
- MAT421A
Prince Edward Island’s Grade 10 math course, from Algebra and Number to Relations and Functions.
- Units
- 3
- Lessons
- 17
- Skills
- 32
- Provincial exam
- Yes
- Official curriculum
- Prince Edward Island Department of Education and Early Years
Unit by unit
Every skill in the course, with its official code.
Unit 1 · 8 skills
Algebra and Number
Factors, multiples and roots of whole numbers
Prime factors of whole numbers
I can write a whole number as a product of its prime factors.
Official code: AN1
Greatest common factor and least common multiple
I can find the GCF and LCM of whole numbers.
Official code: AN1
Square roots and cube roots
I can find square roots and cube roots using prime factors.
Official code: AN1
Irrational numbers
Representing and simplifying irrational numbers
I can identify, represent, and simplify irrational numbers.
Official code: AN2
Ordering irrational numbers
I can order irrational numbers from least to greatest.
Official code: AN2
Powers with integral and rational exponents
Powers with integral and rational exponents
I can evaluate and simplify powers with integral and rational exponents.
Official code: AN3
Multiplying and factoring polynomials
Multiplying polynomial expressions
I can multiply monomials, binomials, and trinomials.
Official code: AN4
Common factors and trinomial factoring
I can factor out common factors and factor trinomials.
Official code: AN5
The official wording · 8 outcomes
- AN1
- understanding of factors of whole numbers by determining the: x prime factors
- AN1
- understanding of factors of whole numbers by determining the: x greatest common factor; x least common multiple
- AN1
- understanding of factors of whole numbers by determining the: x prime factors; x square root; x cube root
- AN2
- understanding of irrational numbers by: x representing, identifying and simplifying irrational numbers
- AN2
- understanding of irrational numbers by: x ordering irrational numbers
- AN3
- Demonstrate an understanding of powers with integral and rational exponents
- AN4
- understanding of the multiplication of polynomial expressions (limited to monomials, binomials and trinomials)
- AN5
- understanding of common factors and trinomial factoring, concretely, pictorially and symbolically
Key ideas
Every whole number greater than 1 has a unique prime factorization.
An irrational number cannot be written as a fraction and has a non-terminating, non-repeating decimal.
A negative exponent means the reciprocal: x⁻ⁿ = 1/xⁿ.
The distributive property multiplies each term of one factor by each term of the other.
A factor tree breaks a number down until only primes remain.
Watch out for
- Stopping factorization before reaching all prime factors.
- Thinking every square root is irrational.
- Treating a negative exponent as a negative number.
Every skill’s key ideas, worked examples and checks are in MapleMind.Practise this unit
Unit 2 · 7 skills
Measurement
Comparing SI and Imperial units
Estimating in SI and Imperial units
I can estimate and compare quantities in SI and Imperial units.
Official code: M1
Measuring in SI and Imperial units
I can measure and compare quantities in SI and Imperial units.
Official code: M1
Converting between SI and Imperial units
Converting units with proportional reasoning
I can convert between and within SI and Imperial units.
Official code: M2
Surface area and volume of 3-D objects
Surface area and volume of prisms and cylinders
I can find the surface area and volume of prisms and cylinders.
Official code: M3
Surface area and volume of cones and pyramids
I can find the surface area and volume of cones and pyramids.
Official code: M3
Surface area and volume of spheres
I can find the surface area and volume of a sphere.
Official code: M3
Primary trigonometric ratios
Sine, cosine and tangent in right triangles
I can use sine, cosine, and tangent to solve right-triangle problems.
Official code: M4
The official wording · 7 outcomes
- M1
- Compare quantities within SI and Imperial units, using: x estimation strategies
- M1
- Compare quantities within SI and Imperial units, using: x measurement strategies
- M2
- Apply proportional reasoning to solve problems involving conversions between and within SI and imperial units of measure
- M3
- surface area and volume of 3-D objects, including: x right cylinders; x right prisms
- M3
- surface area and volume of 3-D objects, including: x right cones; x right pyramids
- M3
- surface area and volume of 3-D objects, including: x spheres
- M4
- Develop and apply the primary trigonometric ratios (sine, cosine, tangent) to solve problems that involve right triangles
Key ideas
A personal referent (a thumb width ≈ 1 inch, a doorknob height ≈ 1 m) helps estimate a measure.
A conversion factor is a ratio equal to 1 (e.g. 2.54 cm / 1 inch).
A prism or cylinder's volume is base area times height.
SOH-CAH-TOA links each ratio to the opposite, adjacent, and hypotenuse.
Estimating first gives a sense of whether a measured value is reasonable.
Watch out for
- Guessing without a referent, giving wildly off estimates.
- Multiplying when you should divide (using the factor upside down).
- Using base perimeter instead of base area for volume.
Every skill’s key ideas, worked examples and checks are in MapleMind.Practise this unit
Unit 3 · 17 skills
Relations and Functions
Data, graphs and situations
Interpreting graphs and situations
I can connect a graph to the situation and data it represents.
Official code: RF1
Relations and functions
Distinguishing relations and functions
I can tell whether a relation is a function.
Official code: RF2
Slope
Slope as rise over run for segments and lines
I can find the slope of a segment or line as rise over run.
Official code: RF3
Slope as a rate of change
I can interpret slope as a rate of change.
Official code: RF3
Slopes of parallel and perpendicular lines
I can use slope to identify parallel and perpendicular lines.
Official code: RF3
Representing linear relations
Linear relations from words, ordered pairs and tables
I can represent a linear relation in words, ordered pairs, and a table.
Official code: RF4
Linear relations as graphs
I can graph a linear relation from its table or ordered pairs.
Official code: RF4
Linear relations as equations
I can represent a linear relation as an equation.
Official code: RF4
Characteristics of linear graphs
Intercepts, slope, domain and range of a line
I can find the intercepts, slope, domain, and range of a line.
Official code: RF5
Forms of a linear equation
Slope-intercept form and its graph
I can connect slope-intercept form to a line's graph.
Official code: RF6
General form and its graph
I can connect general form to a line's graph.
Official code: RF6
Slope-point form and its graph
I can connect slope-point form to a line's graph.
Official code: RF6
Finding the equation of a line
Equation from a graph, or a point and slope
I can find a line's equation from a graph or from a point and slope.
Official code: RF7
Equation from two points
I can find a line's equation from two points.
Official code: RF7
Equation from a parallel or perpendicular line
I can find a line's equation from a parallel or perpendicular line and a point.
Official code: RF7
Function notation
Representing a linear function with function notation
I can write and evaluate a linear function in function notation.
Official code: RF8
Systems of linear equations
Solving systems of linear equations
I can solve a system of two linear equations graphically and algebraically.
Official code: RF9
The official wording · 17 outcomes
- RF1
- Interpret and explain the relationships among data, graphs and situations
- RF2
- Demonstrate an understanding of relations and functions
- RF3
- understanding of slope with respect to: x rise and run; x line segments and lines
- RF3
- understanding of slope with respect to: x rate of change
- RF3
- understanding of slope with respect to: x parallel lines; x perpendicular lines
- RF4
- represent linear relations, using: x words; x ordered pairs; x tables of values
- RF4
- represent linear relations, using: x graphs
- RF4
- represent linear relations, using: x equations
- RF5
- characteristics of the graphs of linear relations, including the: x intercepts; x slope; x domain; x range
- RF6
- Relate linear relations expressed in: x slope-intercept form
- RF6
- Relate linear relations expressed in: y mx b x general form
- RF6
- Relate linear relations expressed in: Ax By C x slope-point form
- RF7
- Determine the equation of a linear relation, given: x a graph; x a point and the slope
- RF7
- Determine the equation of a linear relation, given: x two points
- RF7
- Determine the equation of a linear relation, given: x a point and the equation of a parallel or perpendicular line to solve problems
- RF8
- Represent a linear function using function notation
- RF9
- Solve problems that involve systems of linear equations in two variables, graphically and algebraically
Key ideas
The shape of a graph (rising, falling, flat) describes how one quantity changes with another.
A relation pairs inputs with outputs; a function assigns exactly one output to each input.
Slope = rise / run = the change in y divided by the change in x.
A linear relation changes by a constant amount for each step in the input.
The x-intercept is where y = 0; the y-intercept is where x = 0.
Watch out for
- Reading a graph as a literal picture of the path.
- Thinking any set of points is a function.
- Computing run over rise instead of rise over run.
Every skill’s key ideas, worked examples and checks are in MapleMind.Practise this unit
Plan the term
Pick your term and the days you study. Each unit gets its share of the weeks and comes back a week later for a review. The last two weeks go over the whole course.
Which course?
Prince Edward Island has 2 math courses for Grade 10. Here they are side by side.
- Apprenticeship and Workplace Mathematics 10MAT421K3 units · 30 skillsNo provincial examWhat it coversGeometry · Measurement · Number
- Foundations of Mathematics and Pre-Calculus 10This courseMAT421A3 units · 32 skillsSchool-based Assessment in Grade 10 MathematicsWhat it coversAlgebra and Number · Measurement · Relations and Functions
What a university, college or program asks for is theirs to say: check its admission page, and your school’s course guide.
The official curriculum
This page follows Prince Edward Island’s own curriculum for Foundations of Mathematics and Pre-Calculus 10.
Textbooks
The textbooks PEI Department of Education and Early Years lists for Foundations of Mathematics and Pre-Calculus 10:
- Foundations and Pre-Calculus Mathematics 10
From Senior High Program of Studies and Authorized Materials, 2026-2027, read October 27, 2026. princeedwardisland.ca
Strands
| Strand | Outcomes | Taught in |
|---|---|---|
| ANAlgebra and Number | Outcomes 5 | Taught in Unit 1 |
| MMeasurement | Outcomes 4 | Taught in Unit 2 |
| RFRelations and Functions | Outcomes 9 | Taught in Unit 3 |
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Course Companion
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- Pages
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Questions about Foundations of Mathematics and Pre-Calculus 10
What is Foundations of Mathematics and Pre-Calculus 10?
Prince Edward Island’s Grade 10 math course: 3 units and 32 skills, from Algebra and Number to Relations and Functions.
What units are in Foundations of Mathematics and Pre-Calculus 10?
1. Algebra and Number, 2. Measurement and 3. Relations and Functions.
Is there a provincial exam for Foundations of Mathematics and Pre-Calculus 10?
Yes. The School-based Assessment in Grade 10 Mathematics is written in Prince Edward Island. Next sitting: January 18, 2027.
What textbook does Foundations of Mathematics and Pre-Calculus 10 use?
The textbooks PEI Department of Education and Early Years lists for Foundations of Mathematics and Pre-Calculus 10: Foundations and Pre-Calculus Mathematics 10, Pearson Education Canada.
What comes after Foundations of Mathematics and Pre-Calculus 10?
Foundations of Mathematics 11, Pre-Calculus 11, Pre-Calculus Elective, Apprenticeship and Workplace Mathematics 11 and Applied Mathematics.
Can MapleMind help with Foundations of Mathematics and Pre-Calculus 10?
Yes. MapleMind teaches every skill of Foundations of Mathematics and Pre-Calculus 10, step by step, with practice and checks, and its tutor answers questions about any of them. It’s free with daily limits, on iPhone, Android and the web.
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