Social Studies, Grade 7

International organizations such as the United Nations, NORAD, NAFTA, and APEC exist to promote national or international cooperation.

Canada and circumpolar and Pacific Rim countries are interdependent, and conflicts as well as cooperation shape their relationships.

Globalization links the economies and cultures of countries, and examples of it appear even in the local community.

Globalization has effects on the environment and sparks arguments both for and against it.

Technology connects people locally, nationally, and internationally, speeding up globalization.

Different map projections (Mercator, Peters, circumpolar) have different uses, advantages, and limitations.

Maps let us locate Treaty territories, population clusters, and physical features across Canada and Pacific Rim and circumpolar countries.

Human activity and technology affect the environment in Canada and Pacific Rim and circumpolar countries, with real consequences for indigenous peoples.

The Treaty relationship carries values and beliefs about sharing the land, and climate change is already moving peoples.

Geography shapes political events (such as sovereignty over the North-West Passage) and economic activity across Pacific and northern regions.

Sources of power include resources, numbers, and organization; forms of power include force, authority, and influence.

First Nations and Europeans each held sources of power in the negotiation of the treaty that governs the local area, and cooperation can itself be a source of power.

Canada has municipal, provincial or territorial, federal, and First Nations governments, plus Métis governance structures, each with responsibilities.

Elected representatives — reeves, mayors, MLAs, MPs, chiefs, and councillors — are chosen through election processes.

Countries can be described as democracies, oligarchies, or dictatorships based on identifiable criteria.

Traditional economies obtain goods and services through barter, trade, and sharing rather than only money.

These practices raise the question of whether economies based on them are sustainable.

Natural resources may be renewable or non-renewable, and industries are primary, secondary, or tertiary.

The presence of resources and industries relates to a country's gross national product and standard of living.

Stewardship means caring responsibly for resources; economies can be sustainable or unsustainable.