Science 5

The digestive system's job is to break food down so the body can actually use it for energy and growth.

Food travels a path: mouth (chewing, saliva starts breakdown) → stomach (churns and mixes with digestive juices) → intestines (absorb nutrients, remove waste).

The skeleton (bones) gives the body its frame/shape and protects softer organs, like the ribs protecting the heart and lungs.

Muscles attach to bones and pull on them to make the body move — muscles can only PULL, never push.

Air travels down the trachea (windpipe) into the lungs, where oxygen moves into the blood and carbon dioxide moves out.

A solution is homogeneous — a solute (like salt) is spread evenly throughout a solvent (like water), so every sip or spoonful is the same.

Everyday solutions include apple juice and coffee — the dissolved parts are spread evenly through the liquid.

A solution can be separated back into its parts using distillation, evaporation, or crystallization.

Solubility is how much of a solute — solid (salt), liquid (honey), or gas (carbon dioxide, which makes pop fizzy) — can dissolve into a solvent.

Temperature and stirring both change solubility: warmer water and more stirring usually let more solid dissolve.

A lever is a bar that pivots on a fixed point (a fulcrum) — pushing down on one end lifts a load on the other.

People build complex machines by combining two or more simple machines — a wheelbarrow uses a lever and a wheel and axle; scissors combine two levers.

Power is the RATE at which energy is transferred — not just how much energy, but how fast it's used or moved.

A see-saw, a bottle opener, and scissors are all levers.

Spotting the simple machines inside a complex one helps explain why the complex machine works.

The rock cycle has three rock types — igneous (cooled from melted rock), sedimentary (formed from layers of settled particles), and metamorphic (changed by heat and pressure) — that slowly change into one another.

Local earth materials include mineral, rock, clay, boulder, gravel, sand, and soil.

The changes happen through heat, pressure, weathering, and erosion, over a very long time (often thousands or millions of years).

Properties like grain size, colour, and texture help tell earth materials apart — sand feels gritty, clay feels smooth and sticky, gravel is loose pebbles.

First Peoples concepts of interconnectedness teach that everything in the environment — the sun, sky, plants, and animals — is one and connected.

Because everything is connected, people have a responsibility to care for the land, water, plants, and animals, not just use them.

A sustainable practice uses a resource — like forests, fish, or water — in a way that lets it keep being available in the future, not used up.

BC's resource industries (like forestry and fishing) can choose sustainable methods, such as only harvesting what naturally regrows.

First Peoples knowledge of sustainable practices includes long-held ways of taking only what is needed from the land and water.